Cultured pearls are formed through the intentional insertion of a bead or piece of tissue into a mollusk, which is then coated with nacre. The process of growing cultured pearls requires human intervention and care, and most mollusks used for culturing are raised specifically for that purpose.

Cultured pearls are a popular choice for jewellery, especially in bead necklaces and bracelets, as well as solitaires, pairs, clusters, earrings, rings, and pendants. Creative designers often use larger pearls with unusual shapes in their pieces. While the natural pearl market has diminished due to environmental and ethical concerns, cultured pearls remain a popular and sustainable option.

Yellow Beryl, also known as Heliodor, is a member of the beryl family, which includes other popular gemstones such as emerald, aquamarine, and morganite. Ranging from pale yellow to golden, its excellent hardness and clarity make it a more affordable alternative to yellow sapphire. 

Golden beryl, with its sun-kissed hues and fine transparency, is a cheerful addition to any jewellery collection. It is perhaps the least well-known member of the beryl family, making it significantly more affordable than its more famous counterparts such as emerald and aquamarine.

Most of the citrine on the market is actually heat-treated amethyst, which changes its colour from a pale violet to an attractive yellow. The richness of the yellow colour depends on the original hue of the amethyst. Natural citrine is rare.

Citrine comes in a range of colours, from light, lemon yellow to a rich, orange colour known as "Madeira" with flashes of red.

Yellow sapphire is a variety of corundum, the same mineral that produces ruby and blue sapphire. Yellow sapphires are known for their vibrant yellow colour, which can range from pale lemon to deep orange. They are a popular gemstone for engagement rings and fine jewellery.

Yellow sapphire is a very hard and durable gemstone, with a Mohs hardness of 9, making it an excellent choice for daily wear. It is also a rare gemstone, with most of the world's supply coming from Sri Lanka, which is known for producing the finest quality stones.

In addition to their beauty, yellow sapphires are believed to have metaphysical properties, including promoting wisdom and prosperity. In ancient times, yellow sapphires were worn as a talisman to ward off evil spirits and bring good luck.

Unlike blue sapphire and ruby, where the mining origin can affect the price significantly, the origin of yellow sapphires has less of an impact on their value. However, the quality of the stone, including its colour, clarity, and cut, will always be the primary factor in determining its worth.

One of just a few gemstones occurring in only one colour (green),

Peridot’s ability to shine vividly even in lamplight also earned it the title and status of ‘the evening Emerald’. Whilst Peridot is fairly common, larger specimens can be rare and thus more valuable. It is often found in volcanic rocks and is sometimes mined from meteorites that have fallen to Earth. Its green colour comes from the presence of iron in its crystal structure.

In ancient times, peridot was believed to ward off evil spirits and was also thought to bring the wearer confidence, power, and general good luck. Today, it is still seen as a symbol of prosperity and good fortune.

Tsavorite is a variety of garnet that is valued for its exceptional brilliance and striking green colour. It is primarily found in the border region between Kenya and Tanzania, and is known for its durability and resistance to damage, making it a popular choice for jewellery.

Tsavorite garnet is a relatively recent discovery in the gemstone world, first being identified in the late 1960s. Since then, it has gained a reputation as a top-quality gemstone, prized for its vivid green colour and sparkling clarity. It is often compared to emerald, but is considered more durable and less sensitive to handling.

In addition to its beauty, Tsavorite garnet is associated with a range of positive symbolic meanings, including benevolence, vitality, prosperity, vigour, and compassion. These qualities make it a popular choice for people seeking to imbue their jewellery with special significance.

Green beryl belongs to the same mineral species as emerald, a gemstone that is more valuable and popular than green beryl. Despite being lighter in colour and less saturated, green beryl can still be a stunning and valuable gemstone in its own right.

Green beryl is often less expensive than emerald, making it a more affordable option for those who love the colour green in their gemstones.

The definition of what makes a stone an emerald versus a green beryl can vary among gem experts, with some considering the degree of green saturation as the defining factor. Green beryl typically occurs in larger sizes and with fewer inclusions than emerald, which can make it easier to cut and polish.

Green beryl has a hardness of 7.5-8 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable gemstone suitable for use in jewellery. It is often faceted or cut into cabochons to showcase its beauty.

In addition to Brazil, green beryl can be found in other countries as well. It is often used as a substitute for emerald in jewellery and is believed to have metaphysical properties related to confidence and courage.

The green variety of Beryl, Emerald is one of prized and valuable of green gemstones. The most sought-after Emeralds are those of the deepest green and this colour, alongside their durability and rarity put them firmly among the most expensive gemstones.

An Emerald’s value can be dictated by either its depth of colour or lack of inclusions. Emeralds with small flaws are highly regarded, as this proves their authenticity. Emerald is the green to bluish green variety of beryl, a mineral species that also includes aquamarine as well as beryls in other colours.

Gem experts differ on the degree of green that makes one stone an emerald and another stone a less-expensive green beryl. Some people in the trade tend to give the name emerald to any green beryl coloured by chromium. But to most gemologists, gemological laboratories, and coloured stone dealers, it is more correct to call a stone green beryl when its colour is "too light" for it to be classified as emerald. Even among that group, however, there's a difference of opinion about what's considered "too light."

Besides blue sapphire and ruby, the corundum family also includes so-called “fancy sapphires.” They come in every possible colour.

Fancy sapphires are generally less in demand than blue ones, and some colours are scarce, especially in very small or very large sizes. Still, fancy sapphires create a rainbow of options for people who like the romance associated with this gem, but who also want something out of the ordinary.

Green is a rare colour for a sapphire. In their natural state, green coloured sapphires range from light yellow-green to medium yellowish-green (“olive” or “leaf” green). These stones have significant secondary colours mixed in, such as yellow and blue that help achieve a wide variance of green hues.

Tahitian pearls are a type of cultured pearl that are primarily cultivated around the islands of French Polynesia, with Tahiti being the most well-known. These saltwater cultured pearls are often referred to as black pearls, although they can have a wide range of colours including grey, black, and brown with blue, green, purple, or pink overtones. 

Tahitian pearls are popular for use in bead necklaces and bracelets, as well as being mounted in solitaires, pairs, or clusters for use in earrings, rings, and pendants. Larger pearls with unusual shapes are also popular with creative jewellery designers.

Cultured pearls, including Tahitian pearls, are the result of a deliberate insertion of a bead or piece of tissue that the mollusk coats with nacre. The growth of cultured pearls requires human intervention and care, and most of the mollusks used in the culturing process are raised specifically for that purpose, although some wild mollusks are still collected and used.

Malachite is a popular mineral known for its intense green colour and beautiful banded masses. This mineral is found in various locations worldwide, including Congo, Gabon, Zambia, Namibia, Mexico, Australia, and with the largest deposit/mine in the Urals region, Russia. Malachite has a hardness rating of 3.5-4 on the Mohs scale, making it a relatively soft mineral.

The banded specimens of Malachite are formed by massive, botryoidal, reniform, and especially stalactitic formations, which are dense inter-growths of tiny, fibrous needles. The dense banded specimens are often sliced and polished to bring out their beautiful colouring. Polished, banded Malachite has been carved into ornaments and worn as jewellery for thousands of years. In some ancient civilisations, it was believed to offer protection from evil when worn as jewellery.

Malachite is associated with transformation and positive change. It is believed to be a powerful stone for personal growth, helping to clear the path for new beginnings and encouraging personal transformation. With its beautiful green colour and unique banded patterns, Malachite is a popular choice for both gemstone collectors and jewellery enthusiasts.

Green Tourmaline is part of the Tourmaline family, which is a group of gem quality minerals with a wide array of exciting colours. Tourmaline is considered one of the most versatile gemstones thanks to its rainbow of colour varieties. 

Most Tourmaline now has a colour-specific name, with some of the most popular being the pink-red Rubellite, the blue-green Paraiba, and the pink-green Watermelon Tourmaline or bi-colour Tourmaline.

Green Tourmaline is known for its green colour and is found in several locations, including Brazil, Namibia, Mozambique, and other countries. It has a hardness rating of 7-7.5 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for use in jewellery. Like all coloured Tourmaline, Green Tourmaline displays pleochroism, meaning its colour and colour intensity change depending on the angle at which it is viewed.

Green Tourmaline is associated with forgiveness and reconciliation, making it a popular choice for those seeking to heal emotional wounds or restore harmony in relationships. As an October birthstone, it is also a popular choice for those born in that month.

Paraiba is a type of Tourmaline that is sought after for its intense colours. It is a relatively new gemstone, discovered in 1989 in the Brazilian state that it was named after. The gem's unique, vivid colouring sets it apart from other tourmalines. Its neon and electric, glowing colours of vivid blue and green have achieved huge popularity, making Paraiba one of the most sought-after and valuable gemstones.

Although technically the term Paraiba describes only those Tourmalines from Paraiba in Brazil, nowadays it is used to describe any light to neon blue, copper-bearing Tourmaline from any source in the world. Paraiba Tourmaline can be found in Brazil, Nigeria, and Mozambique, and has a hardness rating of 7-7.5 on the Mohs scale.

Paraiba is associated with wisdom, voice, insight, and creativity. Its vibrant colours are said to stimulate these qualities in the wearer. With its rarity and beauty, Paraiba is a popular choice for fine jewellery and gemstone collectors.

Topaz is an extremely versatile gemstone with an exceptionally wide range of colours that includes various tones and saturations, besides brown. 

Colourless topaz is easily found and is often treated to give it a blue colour. Additionally, topaz is pleochroic, which means that the gemstone can show different colours when viewed from different crystal directions.

Turquoise is a blue-to-green mineral that has been prized as a gemstone for thousands of years. Its unique blue-green colour is so distinctive that it has given rise to its own name, "turquoise." Turquoise is found in many countries, including Iran (Persia), Egypt, Mexico, and the United States.

Turquoise is believed to have protective properties and is often worn as a talisman or amulet. It is also associated with luck and peace, and is sometimes used in meditation practices to promote tranquility and inner calm.

Turquoise is the birthstone for the month of December and is often used in jewellery and other decorative objects. With a hardness rating of 5-6 on the Mohs scale, it is a relatively soft gemstone that must be treated with care to prevent scratches and other damage. Despite its softness, turquoise remains a popular gemstone today and continues to be prized for its unique colour and symbolism.

Aquamarine is a captivating gemstone known for its mesmerizing blue colour, reminiscent of the clear waters of the ocean. It belongs to the beryl family of minerals, which also includes emerald. Aquamarine is the birthstone for March and is believed to symbolize courage, clarity, and tranquility.

The name "aquamarine" is derived from the Latin words "aqua" and "marina," meaning "water" and "of the sea," respectively. The gemstone's serene blue hues range from pale sky blue to deep blue-green, often with a hint of green. The most valuable aquamarines are typically a vibrant, medium-tone blue.

Aquamarine is highly regarded for its exceptional transparency and brilliance. It has a Mohs hardness rating of 7.5-8, making it relatively durable and suitable for various jewellery applications. Due to its popularity and desirability, aquamarine is often faceted into various cuts, such as emerald cuts, rounds, ovals, and cushions, to enhance its beauty and maximize its luster.

The gemstone is primarily mined in several locations around the world, including Brazil, Madagascar, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Mozambique. Brazilian aquamarines are renowned for their intense blue colour, while aquamarines from other regions may exhibit slightly different shades.

Whether set in an elegant pendant, a delicate ring, or a stunning pair of earrings, aquamarine is cherished for its enchanting beauty and its ability to evoke a sense of calmness and serenity, making it a cherished gemstone for both jewellery enthusiasts and those celebrating their March birth.

December's birthstone, Tanzanite is one of the world's most recently discovered gemstones. This beautiful blue-violet gemstone was found in the foothills of Mount Kilimanjaro in the Arusha region of Tanzania in 1967, which remains the only source, and was named after its country of origin by world-renowned jewellers Tiffany & Co, who first brought it to the market.

Tanzanite is the violet blue to blue violet variety of the mineral zoisite. It is a relatively soft gemstone, with a hardness of 6-7 on the Mohs scale, which limits its uses and means it is easily scratched or cleaved. However, its unique blue to violet hues make it a much sought-after gemstone and one of the most popular blue gemstones.

Tanzanite is associated with compassion, understanding, and self-awareness. It is believed to help people better understand themselves and others, promote empathy and forgiveness, and help with spiritual growth. Tanzanite's rarity and beauty make it a popular choice for fine jewellery and a highly prized addition to any gemstone collection.

While the rarest and most desirable Spinel gemstones are a vivid, rich ruby red, Spinel is also found in a range of colours. Spinels in cobalt blue, bright pink, and bright orange are also highly sought-after, while paler colours, such as lavender, tend to be more affordable. Other popular colours are black, violet-blue, greenish-blue, grey, mauve, yellow, and brown.

Blue spinel is a popular variety of spinel that is known for its calming and peaceful properties. Its blue colour is caused by the presence of cobalt, and it is found in a number of countries including Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Myanmar, Pakistan, and Vietnam. With a hardness of 7.5-8 on the Mohs scale, blue spinel is a durable and versatile gemstone that can be used in a variety of jewellery settings.

When the term Sapphire is used without any colour prefix, then the gemstone being referenced is the most precious and valuable of all blue gemstones. As one of the Big Four gemstones, Sapphire is prized for its excellent colour, hardness, durability, and lustre.

Sapphire is the most precious and valuable blue gemstone. It is a very desirable gemstone due to its excellent colour, hardness, durability, and luster. In the gem trade, Sapphire without any colour prefix refers to the blue variety of the mineral Corundum. 

However, the term Sapphire encompasses all other gem varieties and colours of Corundum as well, excluding Ruby, the red variety of Corundum, which has its own name since antiquity.

Lapis Lazuli is an opaque gemstone with a deep blue colour that has been used since ancient times and continues to be popular today. It is one of the most important opaque gemstones and is chiefly composed of the mineral Lazurite, along with additional minerals including white Calcite and sparkling specks of Pyrite.

As a rock, Lapis Lazuli is an aggregate of several minerals, with lazurite, calcite, and pyrite being the most abundant. It may also contain varying amounts of diopside, amphibole, feldspar, and mica.

Lapis Lazuli is associated with wisdom and truth, and has been prized for these qualities throughout history. Its vibrant blue colour makes it a popular choice for jewellery and decorative objects, and its historical significance adds to its value. With a hardness rating of 5-6 on the Mohs scale, Lapis Lazuli is relatively soft compared to other gemstones.

Lolite is sometimes used as an inexpensive substitute for sapphire. According to legends, ancient Viking navigators used thin slices of iolite as filters to help locate the sun on cloudy days. Whether or not the tales are true, iolite (mineralogists call it cordierite) can be fashioned into beautiful gems. 

Strongly pleochroic iolite has been incorrectly called “water sapphire,” as it can display a blue to violet hue in one direction and pale yellow to colourless in another.

Alexandrite is a very rare gemstone that is named after the Russian tsar Alexander II, who was born on the same day that the first crystals were reportedly discovered in the Urals. 

This red or green gemstone is prized for its colour-changing qualities, which are caused by the way the mineral chrysoberyl absorbs light. In daylight or fluorescent light, the stone can appear green, while in incandescent light from a lamp or candle flame, it can appear brownish or purplish red.

Alexandrite's colour change is so striking that it is often referred to as "emerald by day, ruby by night." The gemstone's rarity and unique properties make it highly sought after by collectors and gem enthusiasts. Its symbolism of luck, prosperity, and intellect adds to its allure and appeal.

Amethyst is the purple variety of the quartz mineral species. It’s the gem that’s most commonly associated with the colour purple, even though there are other purple gems such as sapphire and tanzanite. Its purple colour can be cool and bluish, or a reddish purple that’s sometimes referred to as “raspberry.”

One of the most precious and valuable of the Quartz gemstones, Amethyst is a vibrant purple gemstone and its hardness makes it suitable for use in any style of jewellery. 

Once as highly regarded as precious gemstones Emerald and Ruby, huge deposits have made Amethyst a more accessible and therefore less expensive gemstone.

Besides blue sapphire and ruby, the corundum family also includes so-called "fancy sapphires." They come in every possible colour. Fancy sapphires are generally less in demand than blue ones, and some colours are scarce, especially in very small or very large sizes. 

Still, fancy sapphires create a rainbow of options for people who like the romance associated with this gem, but who also want something out of the ordinary. Mining origin doesn't affect the price in fancy coloured sapphire not like ruby and blue sapphire.

Tourmaline is the gemmological name for an important group of gem-quality minerals with a wide array of colours, making it one of today's most versatile gemstones. Pink tourmaline, also known as rubellite, is one of the most popular colour varieties. 

Other notable tourmaline colours include blue-green (Paraiba) and pink-green (Watermelon) or bi-colour tourmaline. The gemstone is believed to promote compassion, emotional healing, and self-love. It has a hardness of 7-7.5 and can be found in Sri Lanka, Brazil, Madagascar, and Afghanistan.

Morganite is a light pink to salmon-pink gemstone that belongs to the mineral group Beryl, which also includes famous gems such as Emerald and Aquamarine. It was named after the American financier and gemstone collector JP Morgan. Morganite is also known as Pink Emerald due to its colour and its association with the Beryl family. The gemstone has several other names, such as Pink Beryl, Rose Beryl, and Cesian Beryl.

Relation to other gemstones: Morganite is related to other Beryl varieties such as Aquamarine, Golden Beryl, Goshenite, and the rare red Bixbite.

Rarity: Morganite is one of the rarest forms of Beryl, second only to red Bixbite.

Morganite is a popular gemstone in jewellery, particularly in engagement rings. Its soft, romantic colour and symbolic meaning make it a popular choice for those seeking an alternative to traditional diamonds. The gemstone is also believed to have healing properties and is said to promote compassion, emotional balance, and unconditional love.

In terms of care, Morganite is relatively durable with a hardness of 7.5-8 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for daily wear. However, it is still susceptible to scratches and chipping, so it is recommended to store Morganite jewellery separately from other gemstones and to avoid exposing it to harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures.

Lotus garnet is a rare and stunning gemstone found exclusively in Tanzania. It is a type of garnet, which is a mineral group that includes over 20 different varieties, ranging in colour from deep red to almost every colour imaginable.

The lotus garnet, in particular, is named after the lotus flower, which holds a special meaning in many cultures, symbolizing purity and enlightenment. It is believed to bring love and friendship to the wearer and is considered a perfect gift for a dear friend or significant other.

One unique feature of the lotus garnet is its colour shift phenomenon. In daylight, the gemstone appears to have a richer shade, making it even more alluring and sought after by collectors and jewellery designers alike.

With a hardness rating of 7-7.5 on the Mohs scale, lotus garnet is durable enough for everyday wear, making it a versatile and beautiful addition to any gemstone collection or jewellery piece.

Padparadscha is an extremely rare and highly prized variety of sapphire that has a unique pinkish-orange colour reminiscent of a lotus blossom. It is considered the rarest and most expensive form of sapphire, with prices similar to those of emeralds and rubies. Its name is derived from the Sinhalese word for lotus flower.

The colour of Padparadscha sapphires is a delicate balance between pink and orange hues, and the exact shade can vary widely. These gems are highly coveted by collectors and jewellery enthusiasts alike, and their scarcity makes them all the more valuable.

Most Padparadscha sapphires are sourced from Sri Lanka, but they can also be found in Madagascar and Tanzania. Like other corundum gemstones, Padparadscha has a Mohs hardness of 9, making it a durable and long-lasting choice for jewellery.

In addition to its beauty and rarity, Padparadscha is also said to symbolize joy, vital energy, and foresight. This makes it a meaningful and symbolic gift for those who appreciate both the aesthetic and spiritual qualities of gemstones.

Garnet is a beautiful gemstone with a long and storied history. It is the birthstone for January and is believed to symbolize protection, friendship, trust, commitment, and love.

While red garnets are the most well-known, garnets come in a wide range of colours including greens, oranges, pinkish oranges, deeply saturated purplish reds, and even some blues. Red garnets are the most common and widespread of the group, but not all garnets are as abundant.

In fact, the garnet group boasts over 20 varieties in almost every colour. Garnets are quite tough and durable, in general, but the hardness depends on the type of garnet.

Garnets are found in many locations around the world, but some of the most significant sources are India and Myanmar. The most valuable garnets are those with deep, rich colours and exceptional clarity.

As a symbol of love, trust, and commitment, garnet makes a perfect gift for a partner or loved one. It is also a versatile gemstone that can be incorporated into a wide range of custom jewellery designs.

Rubellite is a variety of tourmaline that comes in a range of pink, red, purplish red, orangy red, or brownish red hues, although there is debate in the gem trade over whether the term should be limited to red tourmalines. As a tourmaline, it is known for its wide variety of exciting colours, making it one of the most versatile gemstones.

Rubellites have reasonably saturated dark pink to red colours and medium to dark tones, making them excellent choices for jewellery stones. They are often cut into faceted shapes to showcase their brilliance and fire. As a symbol of determination and commitment, rubellites are popular choices for engagement rings and other special occasion jewellery.

Ruby is a stunning gemstone known for its rich, vibrant red colour. It is one of the Big Four gemstones, alongside diamond, sapphire, and emerald, and is highly valued for its rarity, durability, and beauty.

While Ruby is essentially a red sapphire, it remains classified as a separate gemstone due to its unique characteristics and desirability. Large, transparent rubies are incredibly rare and highly sought after, even more so than diamonds.

Ruby has been treasured for centuries and is a popular choice for both personal adornment and investment. As a symbol of passion and love, Ruby makes a perfect gift for a romantic partner or spouse. It is also associated with protection and wealth, making it a powerful talisman for those seeking good fortune and success.

The most significant sources of Ruby are Myanmar (formerly Burma), the Himalayas, and northern Vietnam. The finest Rubies are often mined from the Mogok region of Myanmar, where they are known for their deep, saturated colour and exceptional clarity.

As a July birthstone, Ruby is a meaningful and personal choice for those born in this month. It is also a timeless and classic gemstone that will never go out of style.

Red Spinel is a beautiful and rare gemstone known for its deep red colour, which is often mistaken for Ruby. In fact, for centuries, many famous Rubies were actually later discovered to be Red Spinel, including the centrepiece Ruby of the royal crown of England, known as the Black Prince's Ruby. Although Red Spinel is now more rare than Ruby, it is more affordable due to its relatively lower popularity.

Red Spinel is prized by gemstone collectors and enthusiasts for its brilliance, hardness, and durability. It has a Mohs hardness rating of 8, making it a durable gemstone suitable for daily wear.

This gemstone is found in a variety of locations, including Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand. It was recently added as one of August's birthstones and is said to symbolize longevity, devotion, and passion.

In addition to its red variety, Spinel can also be found in other colours such as pink, blue, purple, and black. It is a unique gemstone that is often overlooked, but its rarity and beauty make it a worthwhile addition to any jewellery collection.

Orange Sapphire is a member of the corundum family and is known for its bright, cheerful orange colour. Along with blue sapphire and ruby, Orange Sapphire is one of the three most popular varieties of corundum.

In addition to its vibrant colour, Orange Sapphire is also prized for its durability, with a Mohs hardness of 9. This makes it an excellent choice for use in jewellery, particularly in engagement rings or other pieces that will be worn regularly.

Orange Sapphire is associated with joy, happiness, and love, making it a popular choice for gifts or as a meaningful addition to a personal jewellery collection. It is found primarily in Sri Lanka and Madagascar, although it can be sourced from other locations as well.

Unlike blue sapphire and ruby, the price of fancy coloured sapphires, including Orange Sapphire, is generally not affected by the mining origin. While some colours may be more scarce than others, the variety of colours available in fancy sapphires provides a range of options for those seeking something unique and out of the ordinary.

Fire Opal is a gemstone that is best suited for earrings or necklaces due to its low rating on the scale of mineral hardness. It is associated with passion and love, making it a popular choice for romantic gifts or jewellery. Fire Opal is also one of the birthstones for the month of October.

Unlike Australian or Ethiopian opals, which are never faceted, Mexican opals can be either cabochon or faceted. Fire Opal can be used to describe either type, but typically refers to the cabochon style, which displays multicolours, or the faceted style, which is orange to intense cherry red in colour.

Spessartine Garnet is a gemstone that symbolizes attraction and manifestation. It is a type of garnet that is always a vivid orange in colour.

Garnets are a set of closely related minerals that form a group, resulting in gemstones in almost every colour. Spessartine Garnet is a relatively rare member of this group, and its orange colour is caused by the presence of manganese. It is a popular gemstone among collectors and jewellery enthusiasts for its unique colour and rarity.

Spessartine Garnet has a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, making it a relatively durable gemstone. It is found in various locations around the world, including Africa, the USA, Australia, Brazil, and other countries.

Overall, Spessartine Garnet is a beautiful gemstone with a unique colour and symbolic significance. It is a great choice for those looking for a gemstone that is both visually stunning and meaningful.

Rose Quartz is a type of quartz used as a gemstone, and it derives its name from its delicate pink colour, which ranges from very light (almost white) to medium-dark. The gemstone is always found in massive form, and it lacks regular, flat crystal faces. 

The most attractive colour of rose quartz typically occurs in larger sizes, and smaller specimens with good colour are often rare.

The gemstone is associated with the symbol of unconditional love and is said to have a calming and reassuring energy. It is believed to open the heart chakra and promote emotional healing, making it a popular choice for jewellery and spiritual practices. Well-shaped rose quartz crystals are highly valued due to their rarity.

Opal is a unique gemstone that displays a plethora of forms and colours, making each gemstone unique in its own way. It is highly popular due to its play of colour, or opalescence, that changes depending on the angle at which the stone is viewed. In fact, the finest opals can be more valuable than diamonds.

An opal's value is determined by several factors, including the intensity and distribution of its opalescence, the saturation of body colour, the play of colour, and the transparency.

The Romans believed that opal was the most precious and powerful of all gems because it had the colours of other gems. The Bedouins believed that opals contained lightning and fell from the sky during thunderstorms.

Opal is the product of seasonal rains that drenched dry ground in regions such as Australia's semi-desert "outback." The showers soaked deep into ancient underground rock, carrying dissolved silica (a compound of silicon and oxygen) downward. During dry periods, much of the water evaporated, leaving solid deposits of silica in the cracks and between the layers of underground sedimentary rock. The silica deposits formed opal.

Opal comes in different forms, including black opal, which is the most expensive and very rare, and boulder opal, where fragments of the surrounding rock, called matrix, become part of the finished gem